Step 1. The big picture
In one sentence…
Master the hierarchy between officers, temporary signage, traffic lights, vertical signs and road markings. In the exam you must recognise which order prevails, what conduct each sign requires, and when a temporary indication changes what you would normally expect to see on the road.
Step 2. The syllabus
2.1Hierarchy of signage
The priority between signs is not arbitrary: first you obey officers' orders, then temporary signage, then traffic lights, then vertical signs and finally road markings.
- If two signs appear to contradict each other, the higher-ranking one prevails. In the exam, many questions are solved by remembering this hierarchy before looking at shape or colour.
- Signs apply from the point where they are placed, unless they indicate a distance, the length of a stretch, or the end of a prohibition.
- Practise saying out loud which source is in charge in each scene: officer, roadworks, traffic light, vertical sign or marking. That order stops you answering out of habit when faced with similar images.
2.2Families of signs
Danger warning signs warn of a risk; regulatory signs impose prohibitions or obligations; information signs guide, confirm or inform about the use of the road.
- Traffic lights regulate passage with priority over an incompatible vertical sign. The lights may be aimed at all road users or at a specific lane, vehicle or manoeuvre.
- Road markings define lanes, excluded areas, pedestrian crossings, continuous or broken lines, and rules on stopping, parking and priority.
- Don't just memorise colours: link shape, message and required conduct. A question can hide the answer in a single word like obligation, prohibition, priority or information.
2.3Practical reading in the exam
Don't study signs as isolated pictures: link each one to the required conduct, the vehicle's position and the anticipation needed.
- At a junction, a priority sign outweighs the general priority-to-the-right rule. At roadworks, temporary signage can override the permanent signage.
- When the question mentions a reversible lane, an extra lane or a temporary diversion, pay attention to road delineation devices, arrows and variable message signs.
- In images, also check which lane you're driving in. Many traps show a sign that's only valid for one direction, one lane or one specific manoeuvre.
2.4Vertical signs and the affected stretch
A vertical sign does not always apply to the whole road for the entire route. You must check whether it indicates a start, an end, a distance, the length of the stretch or exceptions for specific road users.
- When the question talks about parking, stopping, overtaking or turning, first identify whether the sign regulates that exact action or only informs about another circumstance.
- Placement matters: a sign before a junction, inside a roundabout or above a lane can change which movement it affects.
- If no specific figure appears on the sign or in the question, don't invent one. Apply the general conduct and leave the specific detail to the rule in force.
2.5Road markings and traffic lights
Road markings complete what you see on vertical signs: they can order you to stop, separate directions, reserve spaces or warn that a manoeuvre is no longer safe.
- A continuous line should not be read in isolation if there's a traffic light, an officer or a temporary sign ordering something else. Always go back to the hierarchy before answering.
- Traffic lights with arrows, lanes or specific addressees require you to check who they're aimed at. Not every light in an image regulates your movement.
- At pedestrian crossings and stop lines, the marking places you where you must wait. The typical mistake is to look only at the traffic light and stop too late.
2.6Official catalogue and the 2025 update
The official sign catalogue was updated in 2025. The reform introduces new representations and adapts pictograms and panels to current mobility.
- To study rigorously, use up-to-date material and be wary of old diagrams that still include discontinued signs or incomplete meanings in their examples.
- If a question pits a new sign against a classic one, the key remains the same: identify danger, prohibition, obligation or information and apply the correct conduct.
- When you're unsure between two similar pictograms, don't answer based on visual similarity. Ask yourself what risk or restriction it communicates and what the driver must do.
2.7Revision method
Group your mistakes by family: priority, prohibition, obligation, roadworks, lanes and markings. This way you spot patterns instead of repeating the same confusion with different pictures.
- Make flashcards with the image on one side and the required conduct on the other. The goal isn't to name the sign, but to know what you'll do when you see it.
- In a 30-question, 30-minute test, don't spend too much time on a doubtful sign. Mark the hierarchy, rule out impossibilities and come back if you have time left.
- Review signs alongside real situations: junctions, merges, roadworks and parking. The DGT usually asks about application, not isolated definitions.
2.8Shortened broken lines, reversible and additional lanes
A shortened broken line can warn that a continuous line is near or that visibility or another special risk reduces the safe gap; it is not just a shorter decorative line. Read the accompanying sign or marking before deciding what movement it permits.
- A reversible lane is delimited by double broken lines on both sides and its direction is governed by lane-control signals; do not infer a direction change from one short line alone.
- A temporary additional lane is enabled for a particular stretch and is marked and controlled as such; it is not automatically reversible. Follow the cones, signs, arrows and road markings in force.
- When a diagram is incomplete, hold the answer until the operating indication and the affected lane are clear.
Step 3. Key points
If you only have a minute before the exam, revise this.
- 1.Recognise the full hierarchy of signage before answering.
- 2.Tell apart danger, regulatory and information signs, traffic lights, markings and road delineation devices.
- 3.Link each sign to the required conduct and the stretch it affects.
- 4.Check whether the sign is aimed at your lane, movement or type of road user.
- 5.Study the updated catalogue and avoid incomplete old diagrams.
- 6.Practise questions with junctions, roadworks, reversible lanes and road markings.
- 7.Review your mistakes by sign family, not by isolated image.
Step 4. Exam traps
Mistakes the DGT uses again and again on this topic.
- Confusing the general priority rule with a vertical sign or an operating traffic light.
- Forgetting that temporary roadworks signage can change the usual regime.
- Reading a road marking in isolation without linking it to the rest of the lane's or junction's signage.
- Applying a sign meant for another lane, another direction or another manoeuvre as if it were for you.
- Answering from a remembered picture without checking whether the question asks about prohibition, obligation or information.
- Inventing a distance or exception that doesn't appear in the question or on the sign.
Step 5. Quick check
Four real exam questions on what you have just read.
Question 1/4
Among beaconing or delineation signals, vertical signs and road markings, what is the order of precedence, highest first?
Step 6. Frequently asked questions about traffic lights
- When approaching an older person crossing the road, what should you bear in mind?
- They may need more time to cross or react. They may need more time to cross or react. Adapt your speed, remain attentive and allow the crossing when required to give way, without pressuring them with the horn. Abilities vary between people; age does not establish that everyone becomes disoriented or has difficulty distinguishing colours.See full question
- What does a red light in the shape of a stationary pedestrian on a traffic light indicate to pedestrians?
- That they must not begin to cross the carriageway. When a pedestrian traffic light displays a red light illuminating a stationary pedestrian, this indicates to those who wish to cross the road that they must not begin to do so until the light turns green.See full question
- At signalled intersections, what is the general rule that prevails?
- Comply with what the sign indicates. At signalled intersections, the general rule that prevails is to comply with what the signs indicate. This means that the instructions given by traffic officers, traffic lights, vertical signs, and road markings must be followed to determine priority at the intersection. Signage priority: The signage present at the intersection takes priority over general right-of-way rules. This includes instructions from traffic officers, traffic light signals, and vertical signs or road markings. Intersection safety: Following specific signage at intersections is crucial for road safety and helps prevent accidents by clarifying which vehicle has the right of way.See full question
- You must not enter a junction, even if the traffic light is green, if...
- a traffic officer orders you to stop. You must not enter a junction, even if the traffic light is green, if a traffic officer instructs you to stop. The instructions of a traffic officer take precedence over traffic light signals or any other traffic signs. This is because officers may be responding to emergency situations or unusual traffic conditions that are not apparent to drivers. Following the instructions of a traffic officer is crucial for safety and order on the roads.See full question
- At a junction with no officers or temporary signs, the traffic light immediately to the left is steady red and the one immediately to the right is steady green. There are no lights above the lane or carriageway. If you intend to go straight ahead, what must you do?
- It will stop because the traffic light is red. Stop at the red light on the left. Under Article 132.3, where indications differ immediately to the right and left, drivers going straight ahead or turning left obey those immediately to the left. The green light on the right does not authorise the movement described.See full question