Correct answer
In that emergency, if the shoulder is passable and sufficient.
In that situation, if the shoulder is passable and sufficient, it must use it; otherwise use the essential part of the carriageway, under Article 36(1). If the emergency requires travelling below the minimum speed on a motorway or dual carriageway, leave at the first exit under Article 38(2). An ordinary car may not use the shoulder to bypass congestion. No image is needed for this described situation.
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Never, even in that prescribed situation.
In that emergency, if the shoulder is passable and sufficient.
Whenever traffic is heavy, even without an emergency.
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Glossary terms in this question
Dual carriageway
Fast road with separated carriageways per direction and at least two lanes each way, no at-grade intersections.
Motorway
Top-grade public road with separated carriageways, no direct property access, restricted to motor vehicles.
Minimum speed
Speed below which you may not drive without obstructing other traffic, except for justified causes.
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