Correct answer
they must travel on the hard shoulder, provided it is passable and adequate.
They must use the right shoulder if passable and sufficient; otherwise the essential part of the carriageway, under Article 36(1). They may not use motorways or dual carriageways. The shoulder rule also covers the other vehicles listed in that provision. The exception allowing bicycles to leave the shoulder on prolonged descents with bends when safe does not apply on dual carriageways, where they must remain on the shoulder.
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they may travel on the motorway.
they may travel on the dual carriageway.
they must travel on the hard shoulder, provided it is passable and adequate.
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Glossary terms in this question
Dual carriageway
Fast road with separated carriageways per direction and at least two lanes each way, no at-grade intersections.
Motorway
Top-grade public road with separated carriageways, no direct property access, restricted to motor vehicles.
Hard shoulder
Longitudinal strip of the road outside and alongside the carriageway. It is not an ordinary lane, and its use depends on the vehicle, road and signs.
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